International Journal of Iron & Steel Society of Iran

International Journal of Iron & Steel Society of Iran

Investigation of Nitriding Effect on Cutting Vibration of Indexable End Mill During the Straight Groove

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors
A. Rahi 1
M. Hossienpour 1
B. Mahdikhani 2
E. Inanloo 3
1 Faculty of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2 X-Hold Research and Development Unit, Taban Gostar Pouy, Tehran, Iran
3 Faculty of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
10.22034/ijissi.2025.2028509.1291
Abstract
 End-milling is a cutting technology that removes material from machined workpieces by end mill and is widely used to manufacture parts. Also, nitriding is a surface hardening process with a lot of effects on mechanical properties like damping ratio. This study investigated the effect of gas nitriding on a nitrided end mill in comparison with an unnitrided end mill and showed a 22 and 23 percent decrease on average in peak values and Root Mean Square values respectively. This improvement can be a result of increasing damping ratio or stiffness or two parameters simultaneously. In the next step, Modal analysis was carried out on two nitrided and unnitrided samples, and the damping ratio and natural frequency were measured by constant young modulus and showed a 14 percent increase in damping ratio without any significant change in natural frequency. Moreover, by modeling and analyzing the 3D model of indexable end mills It was verified that nitriding can have a 3 percent effect on increasing natural frequency at maximum. As a result, It concluded that the reported vibrational improvement of nitrided indexable end mill was due to improving damping ratio of steel not increasing natural frequency. In this regard, nitrided indexable end mills lead to improvement in machining efficiency, reducing energy consumption, manufacture of high-quality parts and it will ultimately reduce costs. 
Keywords
End-mill
Natural frequency
Vibration peak
Nitriding
Damping

Subjects

 [1] Pye D, Practical nitriding and ferritic nitrocarburizing, ASM International. 2003.
[2] Nolan A, et al. ASM handbook volume 3 - alloy phase diagrams. ASM Internationa,1992; 3.
[3] Aligizaki D.K, Surface engineering for corrosion and wear resistance. Vol. 51, No. 1.; 2004.
[4] Beregovenko A.Y, Kaplun V.G, Yakovlev A.P, Pastukh I.N, Influence of nitriding on damping properties of some metallic materials. Strength Mater. 1993; 8: 604–9.
[5] Nakanishi T, Tsuchiyama T, Mitsuyasu H, Iwamoto Y, Takaki S, Effect of partial solution nitriding on mechanical properties and corrosion resistance in a type 316L austenitic stainless steel plate, Mater Sci Eng A. 2007; 460–461:186–94.
[6] Yeh S.H, Chiu L.H, Chang H, Effects of gas nitriding on the mechanical and corrosion properties of SACM 645 steel, Engineering. 2011; 3(9): 942–8.
[7] Fernández Valdés D, Meneses Amador A, Rodríguez Castro G.A, Arzate Vázquez I, Campos Silva I, Nava Sánchez J.L, Standing contact fatigue behavior of nitrided AISI 316L steels, Surf Coatings Technol. 2019; 377: 124871.
[8] Parashar V, Purohit R, Investigation of the effects of the machining parameters on material removal rate using Taguchi method in end milling of steel grade EN19, Mater Today Proc. 2017; 4(2): 336–41.
[9] Yue C, Gao H, Liu X, Liang S.Y, Wang L. A review of chatter vibration research in milling. Chin J Aeronaut. 2019; 32(2): 215–42.
[10] Muhammad B.B, Wan M, Feng J, Zhang W.H, Dynamic damping of machining vibration: A review, Int J Adv Manuf Technol. 2017; 89(9–12): 2935–52.
[11] Huang P, Li J, Sun J, Zhou J, Study on vibration reduction mechanism of variable pitch end mill and cutting performance in milling titanium alloy, Int J Adv Manuf Technol. 2013; 67(5–8): 1385–91.
[12] Dombovari Z, Stepan G, The effect of helix angle variation on milling stability, J Manuf Sci Eng Trans ASME. 2012; 134(5).
[13] Madoliat R, Hayati S, Finite element analysis of a frictionally damped slender endmill. ASME Int Mech Eng Congr Expo Proc. 2013; 3: 1931–9.
[14] Shibata H, Tokaji K, Ogawa T, Hori C, The effect of gas nitriding on fatigue behaviour in titanium alloys, Int J Fatigue. 1994; 16(6): 370–6.
[15] Yang Y, Dai W, Liu Q, Design and implementation of two-degree-of-freedom tuned mass damper in milling vibration mitigation. J Sound Vib. 2015; 335: 78–88.
[16] Mahdikhani B, Javadi M, Experimental study of  the effect of variable pitch in indexable cutting tool on AISI4140 steel surface finish in milling. Adv Mater Process Technol. 2020; 13(3).
[17] Fallah M, Moetakef Imani B, Boring bar chatter  control using a novel adaptive direct velocity feedback controller, Iran J Mech Eng Trans ISME. 2021; 23(1): 85–109.
[18] CNS: 14288-G2272. 2006; 1–6.