[1] Nilsson J.O, Chai G, The physical metallurgy of duplex stainless steels, In: Proceedings of the Duplex Stainless Steel Conference, Beaune, France. 2010.
[2] Deng B, Jiang Y, Gong J, Zhong C, Gao J, Li J, Critical pitting and repassivation temperature for duplex stainless steel in chloride solutions, Electrochim Acta. 2007.
[3] Deng B, Jiang Y.M, Gao J, Li J, Effect of annealing treatment on microstructure evolution and the associated corrosion behavior of a super-duplex stainless steel, J Alloys Compd. 2010; 493(1): 461-4.
[4] Tan H, Jiang Y, Deng B, Sun T, Xu J, Li J, Effect of annealing temperature on the pitting corrosion resistance of super duplex stainless steel UNS S32750, Mater Charact. 2009; 60(9): 1049-54.
[5] Lippold J.C, Kotecki D.J, Welding Metallurgy and Weldability of Stainless Steel, John Wiley & Sons; 2005: 230-62.
[6] Chen T.H, Yang J.R, Microstructural characterization of simulated heat-affected zone in a nitrogencontaining 2205 duplex stainless steel, Mater Sci Eng. 2002; A338(1): 166-81.
[7] Nowacki J, Łukojc A, Microstructural transformations of heat-affected zones in duplex steel welded joints, Mater Charact. 2006; 56(4): 436-41.
[8] Hänninen H.J.R, Ilola R, Tervo J, Laitinen A, Effects of processing and manufacturing of high nitrogencontaining stainless steels on their mechanical, corrosion, and wear properties, J Mater Process Technol. 2001; 117(3): 424-30.
[9] Li J, Xiao X, Zhao J, Jiang L, On the behavior of nitrogen in a low-Ni high-Mn super duplex stainless steel, Mater Des. 2011; 32(4): 2199-205.
[10] Charles J, Duplex stainless steels a review after DSS'07 held in Grado, Steel Res Int. 2008; 79(6): 455- 65.
[11] Verma J.R.T, Effect of welding processes and conditions on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance of duplex stainless steel weldments, Manufacturing Processes. 2017; 25: 134-52.
[12] Hosseini V.A, Hurtig K, Karlsson L, Nitrogen loss and effects on microstructure in multipass TIG welding of a super duplex stainless steel, Mater Des. 2016; 98: 88-97.
[13] Westin E.M, Bylund Å.L, Pettersson R.A, Effect on microstructure and properties of super duplex stainless steel welds when using backing gas containing nitrogen and hydrogen, Weld World. 2014; 58: 347-54.
[14] Ramkumar K.D, Radhakrishna V,S, Tiwari A, Anirudh S. Studies on the structure-property relationships and corrosion behavior of the activated flux TIG welding of UNS S32750, Manufacturing Processes. 2016.
[15] Gong W, et al. Effects of Ce on microstructure and mechanical properties of LDX2101 duplex stainless steel, Metals. 2020; 10.
[16] Zhang X, Luo H.F, Zhou T, Zhao Y.L, Ling Z, Corrosion resistances of metallic materials in environments containing chloride ions: A review, Trans Nonferrous Met Soc China. 2022; 32: 377-410.
[17] Fattah-Alhosseini A, Shirsat A.B, Electrochemical behavior assessment of Alloy 22 (UNS N16122) in hydrochloric acid solutions by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Mott–Schottky analyses, Anal Bioanal Electrochem. 2015; 7: 728-38.
[18] Tsuchiya S, Semiconductor properties and protective role of passive films of iron base alloys. Corros Sci. 2017; 49: 195-212.
[19] Carmezim M, Montemor M, Belo M.D.C, Capacitance behavior of passive films on ferritic and austenitic stainless steel, Corros Sci. 2015; 47: 581-91.
[20] Fattah-Alhosseini A, Ghoranneviss M, Saatchi A, Raeissi K, Effect of solution concentration on semiconducting properties of passive films formed on austenitic stainless steels. Corros Sci. 2011; 52: 215-9.
[21] American Society for Testing and Materials, Standard specification for chromium and chromium-nickel stainless steel plate, sheet, and strip for pressure vessels and for general applications, ASTM International; 2018.
[22] American Society for Testing and Materials, Standard Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size. ASTM-E112, 96 (Reapproved 2004).
[23] Zhang J, Hu X, Chou K, Effects of Ti addition on microstructure and the associated corrosion behavior of a 22Cr-5Ni duplex stainless steel, Mater Corros. 2021; 72(7): 1201-14.
[24] Lancaster J, The physics of welding, Pergamon Press; 1986.
[25] Mills K.C, Brooks R.F, Shirali A, Marangoni effects in welding, Philos Trans R Soc A Math Phys Eng Sci. 1998; 356: 911-25.
[26] Berthier A, Poupard P, Carin M, Valensi F, Pellerin S, TIG and A-TIG welding experimental investigations and comparison to simulation: Part 1: Identification of Marangoni effect, Sci Technol Weld Join. 2012; 17: 609- 15.
[27] Chen K.T, Lin K.L, Comparison between TiO2- and SiO2-flux assisted TIG welding processes, J Nanoscience Nanotechnol. 2012; 12(8): 6359-67.
[28] Lowke J, Tanaka M, Ushio M, Mechanisms giving increased weld depth due to a flux, J Phys D Appl Phys. 2005; 38(18): 3438.
[29] Lin K.T, Peng Y, UNS S31603 stainless steel tungsten inert gas welds made with microparticle and nanoparticle oxides, Materials. 2014; 7: 4755-72.
[30] Chakravarthy S.J, Parameswaran P, Flux bounded tungsten inert gas welding for enhanced weld performance—A review, J Manuf Processes. 2017; 28: 116-13.
[31] Conder K, Electronic and ionic conductivity in metal oxides. Paul Scherrer Institute; 2012.
[32] Gaskell D.R, Introduction to thermodynamics of materials. 3rd ed.
[33] Muthupandi V, Srinivasan P.B, Seshadri S.K, Sundaresan S, Effect of weld metal chemistry and heat input on the structure and properties of duplex stainless steel welds, Mater Sci Eng. 2003; 358:9-16.
[34] Hosseini V, Karlsson L, Physical and kinetic simulation of nitrogen loss in high-temperature heataffected zone of duplex stainless steels, Materialia. 2019; 6: 100325.
[35] De Toit M, The behaviour of nitrogen during the autogenous arc welding of stainless steel. Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, University of Pretoria; 2001.
[36] Han Y, Zhao Y, Jing H, Gao Z, Xu L, Zhang Z, Zhao L, Microstructure and corrosion studies on different zones of super duplex stainless steel UNS S32750 weldment, Front Mater. 2020; 7.
[37] Gong W, Liu J, Li Y, Yang H, Liu J, Zheng S, Influence of Ce addition on microstructure and corrosion resistance of 2101 duplex stainless steel, Steel Res Int. 2021; 92(8): 2100003.
[38] Jeon S.H, Kim Y.J, Lee S.Y, Kim Y.S, Park Y.S, Effects of cerium on the compositional variations in and around inclusions and the initiation and propagation of pitting corrosion in hyperduplex stainless steels, Corros Sci. 2013; 75: 367-75.
[39] Kim S.M, Jeon S.H, Choi J.W, Lee Y.S, Effect of Si and Ce addition on the microstructure and pitting corrosion resistance of hyper-duplex stainless steels, Corrosion. 2014; 71(4): 470-82.
[40] Wang H, Liu S, Zhang Z, Chen C, Yang Z, Effects of rare earth metals on microstructure, mechanical properties, and pitting corrosion of 27% Cr hyper duplex stainless steel. Corrosion. 2022; 61(1): 873-87.
[41] Angelini E, Di Barro B, Rosalbino F, Microstructural evolution and localized corrosion resistance of an aged superduplex stainless steel, Corros Sci. 2004; 46: 1351-67.
[42] Atapour M, Shamanian M, Esmailzadeh M, Pitting corrosion susceptibility of friction stir welded lean duplex stainless steel joints, Int J Adv Manuf Technol. 2016; 83: 721-28.
[43] Zhang X, Wang Z, Li S, Lu Z, Effects of heat treatment on precipitation and corrosion resistance of cerium-containing super austenitic stainless steel S31254, Corros Commun. 2022; 8: 1-8.
[44] Jeon S.H, Hong D.H, Kim H.J, Park Y.S, Effect of Ce addition on the precipitation of deleterious phases and the associated intergranular corrosion resistance of 27Cr–7Ni hyper duplex stainless steels, Corros Sci. 2015; 90: 313-22.
[45] Fernández-Domene R.M, Seitz M, Minozzi S, Falco E, López A, Garcia-García F, Effect of alloying elements on the electronic properties of thin passive films formed on carbon steel, ferritic and austenitic stainless steels in a highly concentrated LiBr solution, Thin Solid Films. 2014; 558: 252-58.
[46] Jeon S.H, Park I.J, Kim H.J, Kim S.T, Lee Y.K, Park Y.S, Effect of Cu on the precipitation of deleterious phases and the mechanical properties of 27Cr–7Ni hyper duplex stainless steels, Mater Trans. 2014; 55: 971-77.
[47] Zhu M, Xu B, Li J, Li H, Deng Z, Yang K, Study the correlation between passive film and AC corrosion behavior of 2507 super duplex stainless steel in simulated marine environment, J Electroanal Chem. 2020; 864: 114072.
[48] Zhu M, Li H, Xu B, Li J, Yang K, Study on the microstructure and alternating current corrosion behavior of SAF2507 super-duplex stainless steel in 3.5% NaCl solution, J Mater Eng Perform. 2020; 29(2): 1366-74.
[49] Luo H, Shan H.Z, Dong C.F, Li X.G, Passivation and electrochemical behavior of 316L stainless steel in chlorinated simulated concrete pore solution, Appl Surf Sci. 2017; 400: 38-48.
[50] Rahimi E, Rahimi F, Dini M, Tan K, Gan Y, Characterization of the passive layer on ferrite and austenite phases of super duplex stainless steel, Appl Surf Sci. 2019; 496: 143634.
[51] Cheng X, Wang Y, Dong C, Li X, The beneficial galvanic effect of the constituent phases in 2205 duplex stainless steel on the passive films formed in a 3.5% NaCl solution. Corros Sci. 2018; 134: 122.
[52] Yao J, Meng D, Dong C, Passive film on 2205 duplex stainless steel studied by photo-electrochemistry and ARXPS methods, Corros Sci. 2019; 146: 221.
[53] Sahli A.A, Ghandehari E, Macdonald D.D, Effect of tungsten alloying on passivity breakdown of nickel, Mater Corros. 2019; 70: 216.
[54] Jeon S.H, Kim Y.J, Lee S.Y, Park Y.S, Passivation behavior of Ce-containing hyper duplex stainless steels in sulfuric acid solution, Mater Trans. 2015; 56(8): 1287- 93.
[55] Wang L, Chen Z, Huang X, Li X, Wang Z, Quantitative analysis of local fine structure on diffusion of point defects in passive film on Ti, Electrochim Acta. 2019; 314: 161-72.