[1] Tangstad M, et al. Coal-based reducing agents in ferroalloys and silicon production, in New Trends in Coal Conversion. 2019: 405-438.
[2] Gangopadhyay M, et al. Alternative coke from inferior coal for ferro-alloy industry, Solid Fuel Chemistry. 2020; 54: 406-410.
[3] Derin B, Yucel O and Hack K, Thermochemical computations in carbothermic and metallothermic ferroalloy processes, in 12th International Ferroalloys Congress (ed. A. Vartianen). 2010.
[4] Zayakin O, Zhuchkov V and Afanasiev B, Study of carbothermic reduction processes in manufacture of high-carbon ferrochrome. in Proceeding of the 14th International Ferroalloys Congress: Energy Efficiency and Environmental Friendliness are the Future of the Global Ferroalloy Industry, INFACON 2015.
[5] Myrhaug E, Tuset J and Tveit H, Reaction mechanisms of charcoal and coke in the silicon process, in Proceedings: tenth international ferroalloys congress. 2004. [6] Gładysz J and Karbowniczek M, Carbon reducers for the processes of ferroalloy production in the electric furnace, Archives of Metallurgy and Materials. 2008; 53(2): 643-648.
[7] Pavlov A, et al. Research of reducing ability of carbon reductants for ferroalloy production by dilatometric method, in Proc 13th International Ferroalloys Congress, Efficient technologies in ferroalloy industry. 2013.
[8] Smith K.L, et al. The structure and reaction processes of coal. 1994: Springer Science & Business Media.
[9] Sahajwalla V, Dubikova M and Khanna R, Reductant characterization and selection: implications for ferroalloys processing. in Proceedings: Tenth International Ferroalloys Congress. 2004.
[10] Branch A.O.o.t.U.N.M.W.P, Simple technologies for charcoal making, Food & Agriculture Org. 1983; 41.
[11] Strakhov V, Alternative carbon reducing agents for ferroalloy production, Coke and Chemistry, 2009; 52(1): 19-22.
[12] Surup G.R, Trubetskaya A and Tangstad M, Charcoal as an alternative reductant in ferroalloy production: a review, Processes. 2020; 8(11): 1432.
[13] Sommerfeld M and Friedrich B, Replacing fossil carbon in the production of ferroalloys with a focus on bio-based carbon: a review, Minerals. 2021; 11(11): 1286.
[14] Tian Y, et al. Preparation and characterization of formed activated carbon from fine blue‐coke. International Journal of Energy Research. 2015; 39(13): 1800- 1806.
[15] Wang H, et al. Research on the performance of modified blue coke in adsorbing hexavalent chromium, Scientific Reports. 2023; 13(1): 7223.
[16] Wei N, et al. Application characteristics and industrial development countermeasures of Shenmu Semi-coke. in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2021. IOP Publishing.
[17] Zhu D, et al. Characterization of semi-coke generated by coal-based direct reduction process of siderite, Journal of Central South University. 2015; 22: 2914- 2921.
[18] Lartey-Young G and Ma L, Remediation with semicoke-preparation, characterization, and adsorption application, Materials. 2020; 13(19): 4334.
[19] Nartey O.D and Zhao B, Biochar preparation, characterization, and adsorptive capacity and its effect on bioavailability of contaminants: an overview, Advances in Materials Science and Engineering. 2014.
[20] Zhang L, et al. Study on the structural evolution of semi-chars and their solvent extracted materials during pyrolysis process of a Chinese low-rank coal, Fuel. 2018; 214: 363-368.
[21] Mu M, et al. Oxidation Characteristics of the Semicoke from the Retorting of Oil Shale and Wheat Straw Blends in Different Atmospheres, Oil Shale. 2019; 36(1).
[22] Zhao J.X, et al. New Process Development of SemiCoke Production with Low Metamorphic Degree Coal, in Advanced Materials Research. 2012. Trans Tech Publ.
[23] Akshanashev S, Yakovlev E and Torokhova E, Production of coke and specialized coke for metallurgy in Kazakhstan, Steel in Translation. 2008; 38(11): 923-925.
[24] Starovoit A, and Koverya A, Evaluating the mechanical properties of laboratory coke on the basis of the expansion-pressure dynamics of coal and coal mixtures, Coke and Chemistry. 2008; 51(3): 88-92.
[25] Li X.H, et al. Semi-coke as solid heat carrier for low-temperature coal tar upgrading. Fuel Processing Technology. 2016; 143: 79-85.
[26] Milne T.A, Evans R.J and Abatzaglou N, Biomass gasifier’’Tars’’: their nature, formation, and conversion. 1998.
[27] Tang Q, et al. Utilization of semi-coke in iron making technologies in China, Metallurgical Research & Technology. 2017; 114(4): 403.
[28] You Y, et al. Numerical Study on Combustion Behavior of Semi-Coke in Blast Furnace Blowpipe-Tuyere-Combustion Zone. Metals. 2022; 12(8): 1272.
[29] Wang F. J, et al. Tar reforming using char as catalyst during pyrolysis and gasification of Shengli brown coal, Journal of analytical and applied pyrolysis. 2014; 105: 269-275.
[30] Etemadi A, Koohestani H and Tajally M, The effect of different carbon reductants on the production of ferrosilicon 75% on an industrial scale in an electric arc furnace, Heliyon. 2023; 9(3).
