ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Enhancement Wear Properties of HSS-M2 Tool Steel with WC Deposited by SMAW Process
In this study, the effect of cladded tungsten carbide layer upon HSS - M2 tool steel on microstructure, hardness, and wear behavior has been studied in two cases without using the middle layer and using the middle layer of nickel. Tungsten Carbide cladded on ,HSS - M2 tool steel by Arc Weld ( SMAW ). The ASTM-G65 wear test was used to determine its application for use in the mineral industry. The results show that the formation of M6C ( tungsten - rich carbide) is deposited layer, as well as tungsten carbide with the formation of a composite layer on the base metal surface, increases the wear resistance up to 60% and the hardness up to 150% compared to the uncoated sample. Comparing the results in terms of the use or non-use of the middle nickel layer indicates the improvement of wear behavior in conditions without using middle nickel layers.
https://journal.issiran.com/article_44729_6259c18a8995ac638d7f69604d5cbd34.pdf
2019-09-01
1
8
HSS tool steel
SMAW process
Cladding
wear behavior
D.
Najafipour
davidnajafi85@yahoo.com
1
Faculty of Materials Engineering Najafabad branch, Islamic Azad University
AUTHOR
I.
Ebrahimzadeh
i.ebrahimzadeh@pmt.iaun.ac.ir
2
Faculty of Materials Engineering Najafabad branch, Islamic Azad University
LEAD_AUTHOR
M. Khadem, O. V. Penkov, H. K. Yang, D. E. Kim, Tribology of multilayer coatings for wear reduction: A review, Friction, Vol. 5, pp. 248–262, 2017.
1
M.Riabkina-Fishman, E. Rabkin, P. Levin, N. Frage, M.P. Dariel, A. Weisheit, R. Galun, B.L. Mordike, Laser produced functionally graded tungsten carbid coatings on M2 High-speed tool steel, Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 302,pp.106-114,2001.
2
Y.C.Lin, K.Y, Chang, Elucidating the microstructure and wear behavior of tungsten carbide multi-pass cladding on AISI 1050 steel, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 210, pp.219-225, 2010.
3
M.F.Buchely, J.C.Gutierrez, L.M.Leon, A.Toro, The effect of microstructure on abrasive wear of hard facing alloys, Wear, Vol. 259, pp. 52-61, 2005.
4
S.F.Gnyusov, V.G.Durakov, S.Yu.Tarasov, Structure and abrasive wear of composite HSS M2/WC coating, Advances in Tribology, Vol. 2012, pp. 1-9, 2012.
5
S.W.Wang, Y.C.Lin, Y.Y.Tsai, The effects of various ceramic-metal on wear performance of clad layer, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 140, pp. 682-687, 2003.
6
M.Bonek, “Formation of gradient surface layers on high-speed steel by laser surface alloying process”, Archives of Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 58, pp. 182-192, 2012.
7
8.C.Roda-Vazquez, A.Loureiro, J.P.Cribeiro, Comportmiento frente al desgaste abrasivo de las aleaciones con tendencia a la formacion de carburos aplicados por soldadura, Mantenimiento, Vol. 134, pp.78-89, 2000.
8
G.B.Ottonello, Tungsten carbides, and welding, Welding International, Vol. 21, No. 8, pp.569-583, 2007.
9
N. Hashemi, Oxidative wear behavior of laser clad High-Speed Steel thick deposits: Influence of sliding speed, carbide type and morphology Surface and Coatings Technology Volume 315, 15 April 2017, Pages 519-529
10
V. M. Fomin, CO2 laser cladding heterogeneous ceramic-metal wear-resistant coatings, AIP Conference Proceedings 1770, 020015 (2016)
11
J. Huebner, Microstructural and Mechanical Study of Inconel 625 – Tungesten Carbid Composite Coatings Obtained by Powder Laser Cladding, Arch. Metall. Mater. 62 (2017), 2, 531-538
12
ASTM G65, Standard Test Method for Measuring Abrasion Using the Dry Sand/Rubber Wheel Apparatus, Designation: G 65 – 00.
13
14.ASTM 11-384" Standard Test Method for Knoop and Vickers Hardness of Materials" Book of Standards, Vol. 03,.01, 2011.
14
Dantzig J. A., Chalmers M. R., B., Solidification, EPFL press, Swiss, 2016.
15
Nelson, T., W., Lippold, J. C., and Mills, M. J., Weld. J., 78:329s, 1999.
16
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Fatigue Behavior Optimization of the 16MnCr5 Steel Used in Machine Tool Spindle via Different Surface Treatments
Since the sub-axis of machine tool spindles subjected to fatigue loading, the effects of different surface heat treatments on fatigue behavior of 16MnCr5 steel have been investigated in the current work. After the test specimens were prepared from the steel, the surface heat treatments; carburizing, carbonitriding and a practical type of treatment involving the first nitriding then carburizing was done on samples. Fatigue tests of the rotational bending type performed on samples. In addition, microhardness and microstructural evaluations were used to analysis the achieved results from the fatigue tests. The fatigue fracture surfaces were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the fatigue strength of the samples has been improved considerably by applying surface heat treatments. Also, the initiation region of the fatigue crack from the sample's surface has been transmitted to the interface of the hardened layer and the base metal in surface-treated steels. Also reduction in the number of crack initiation places in the treated samples is specified compared to raw samples.
https://journal.issiran.com/article_44730_36d03c518a6b7cc4df0214b861a3a2bb.pdf
2019-09-01
9
15
fatigue
16MnCr5
Spindle
Carburizing
Carbonitriding
Nitriding
M. N.
Yoozbashi
nariman_yoozbashi@yahoo.com
1
University of Applied Science and Technology
LEAD_AUTHOR
Wegst, C.W., Key to steel, Verlag Stahlschlüssel Wegst GMBH 0.050, 0-004, 1998.
1
Krauss, G., Steels: heat treatment and processing principles, ASM International, p. 497, 1994.
2
Totten, George E., and Maurice AH Howes, eds., Steel heat treatment handbook. CRC Press, 1997.
3
Bhadeshia, Harry, and Robert Honeycombe. Steels: microstructure and properties. Butterworth-Heinemann, 2017.
4
E. Abele, Y. Altintas, and C. Brecher,: “Machine tool spindle units. CIRP Annals-Manufacturing Technology”, 59(2), 2010, 781-802.
5
T. Y. Chen, W. J. Wei, and J. C.Tsai,: “Optimum design of headstocks of precision lathes”. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 39(12), 1999, 1961-1977.
6
P. H. S. Campos, J.R. Ferreira, A. P. De Paiva, P. P. Balestrassi, and J. P. Davim,: “Modeling and optimization techniques in machining of hardened steels”. A brief review”, Rev Adv Mater Sci, 34(2), 2013, 141-147.
7
J.K. Choi,: “Thermal characteristics of the spindle bearing system with a gear located on the bearing span”, International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 38(9), 1998, 1017-1030.
8
V. Gagnol, B. C. Bouzgarrou, P. Ray, and C. Barra,: “Dynamic analyses and design optimization of high-speed spindle-bearing system”, Advances in Integrated Design and Manufacturing in Mechanical Engineering II, 2007, 505-518.
9
H. Li, and Y. C. Shin,: “Analysis of bearing configuration effects on high speed spindles using an integrated dynamic thermo-mechanical spindle model”, International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 44(4), 2004, 347-364.
10
S. K. Putatunda,: “Fracture toughness of a high carbon and high silicon steel”, Materials Science and Engineering A, 297(1), 2001, 31-43.
11
Dieter, George Ellwood, and David J. Bacon. Mechanical metallurgy. Vol. 3. New York: McGraw-hill, 1986.
12
Hertzberg, Richard W. "Deformation and fracture mechanics of engineering materials." (1989).
13
Forrest, Peter George. Fatigue of metals. Elsevier, 2013.
14
McLean, Donald. Mechanical properties of metals. Krieger Pub Co, 1977.
15
W. Dal’Maz Silvaa, J. Dulcya J. Ghanbajaa, A. Redjaimiaa, G. Michelb, S. Thibaultc and T. Belmontea,: “Carbonitriding of low alloy steels: Mechanical and metallurgical responses”, Materials Science and Engineering A, 693, 2017, 225-232.
16
L. Ceschini, and M. Giangiacomo: “Fatigue behaviour of low temperature carburised AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel”, Surface and Coatings Technology, 202.9, 2008, 1778-1784.
17
L. B. Winck, J. L. A. Ferreira, J. A. Araujo, M. D. Manfrinato, and C. R. M. da Silva: “Surface nitriding influence on the fatigue life behavior of ASTM A743 steel type CA6NM”, Surface and Coatings Technology, 232, 2013, 844-850.
18
M.N. Yoozbashi, A. Almasi, The Effect of Various Surface Heat Treatments on Wear Behavior of 16MnCr5 Steel used in Spindles Axis of Machine Tools (In Persian), Journal of Mechanical Engineering of University of Tabriz, 48(1), (2018), 351-357.
19
M.N. Yoozbashi, N. Vahedi, A. Almasi, “The effects of Tempering Temperature on Wear Behavior of AISI 5115 Steel Used in Spindles of Machine Tools (In Persian)”, Journal of Mechanical Engineering of University of Tabriz, 47(3), (2017), 297-305.
20
DIN 50 113, Rotating Bar Bending Fatigue Test, German Standards Organization, 1982.
21
ASTM E975-84, Standard Practice for X-Ray Determination of Retained Austenite in Steel with Near Random Crystallographic Orientation, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, 03.01, (1990), 753-757.
22
B. C. De Cooman, “Structure–properties relationship in TRIP steels containing carbide-free bainite“, Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science, 8(3-4), (2004), 285-303.
23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Estimation of Maximum Inclusion Size and Fatigue Limit in HSLA-100 Steel
The objective of the current study is to determine the fatigue limit of a clean and high-performance material named as HSLA-100 steel and to compare the obtained fatigue limit with that of theoretically predicted fatigue limit by statistics of extreme value (SEV) method. Also, the size of inclusions located at the site of fatigue crack nucleation on the fracture surface of the fatigue test specimens is compared with the results of extreme value distribution of the inclusions as well as with that of analysis of inclusions found on the polished specimen. The fatigue cracks were initiated from globular inclusions in all fatigue test specimens. Analyzing the fatigue results showed that the SEV method can conservatively predict the planar fatigue limit of HSLA-100 steel. Also, the largest inclusion size predicted by (SEV) method was larger than that of what was observed at the fatigue crack initiation site as well as metallographic studies of polished specimens.
https://journal.issiran.com/article_44731_72929fa3ae4edbbf113a8d8f65fdec9f.pdf
2019-09-01
16
21
Statics of Extreme Values (SEV)
Fatigue limit
HSLA-100 steel
Nonmetallic inclusion
A.
Abyazi
a.abyazi@gmail.com
1
Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
Ebrahimi
arebrahimi@aut.ac.ir
2
Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Hafez Ave, P.O. Box 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
(1) D. Sichen, steel research international, 83 (2012) 825.
1
(2) S. Taniguchi, J.K. Brimacombe, ISIJ international, 34 (1994) 722.
2
(3) V. Gollapalli, M.V. Rao, P.S. Karamched, C.R. Borra, G.G. Roy, P. Srirangam, Ironmaking & Steelmaking, 46 (2019) 663.
3
(4) M. Imagumbai, T. Takeda, ISIJ international, 34 (1994) 574.
4
(5) ASTM E45: Standard Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content of Steel, (2007).
5
(6) J. Ogilvy, Ultrasonics, 31 (1993) 219.
6
(7) Kato, S. Takemoto, K. Sato, Y. Nuri, Sanyo Tech Rep, 7 (2000) 35.
7
(8) Y. Murakami, S. Kodama, S. Konuma, International Journal of Fatigue, 11 (1989) 291.
8
(9) Y. Murakami, M. Endo, International journal of fatigue, 16 (1994) 163.
9
(10) G. Shi, H. Atkinson, C. Sellars, C. Anderson, Acta Materialia, 47 (1999) 1455.
10
(11) Y. Murakami, T. Toriyama, E. Coudert, Journal of testing and evaluation, 22 (1994) 318.
11
(12) ASTM E2283, Standard Practice for Extreme Value Analysis of Nonmetallic Inclusions in Steel and Other Microstructural Features, (2019).
12
(13) E.J. Czyryca, R.E. Link, R.J. Wong, D.A. Aylor, T.W. Montem, J.P. Gudas, Naval Engineers Journal, 102 (1990) 63.
13
(14) A. Abyazi, A. Ebrahimi, Materials Science and Technology, 32 (2016) 976.
14
(15) Y. Murakami, Metal fatigue: effects of small defects and nonmetallic inclusions, Academic Press, (2019) 321.
15
(16) A.D. Wilson, Inclusions and their influence on material behavior, ASM International, Chicago, (1989).
16
(17) H. Du, The evaluation of non-metallic inclusions in calcium-treated steel by using electrolytic extraction, thesis,
17
Stockholm, Sweden (2016).
18
(18) A. Costa e Silva, J. Mater. Res. Technol, 3 (2018) 283.
19
(19) S. Putatunda, A. Christ, E. Cabadas, M. Shapona, K. Tatteff, M. Rao, SAE transactions, (1994) 153.
20
(20) S. Beretta, Y. Murakami, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 32 (2001) 517.
21
(21) Y. Murakami, H. Matsunaga, A. Abyazi, Y. Fukushima, Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures, 36 (2013) 836.
22
(22) C.C. Hsu, H.H. Chung, Advanced Materials Research, Trans Tech Publ, 939 (2014) 11.
23
(23) Y. Kanbe, A. Karasev, H. Todoroki, P.G. Jönsson, steel research international, 82 (2011) 322.
24
(24) P. Juvonen, Effects of non-metallic inclusions on fatigue properties of calcium treated steels, thesis, Helsinki University of Technology, (2004).
25
(25) A. Roiko, H. Hänninen, H. Vuorikari, International Journal of Fatigue, 41 (2012) 158.
26
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Kinetics of Ceramic Phase Crystallization in a Glass Derived from Wastes of Iron and Steel Industry
Intensified environmental regulations have posed numerous challenges in the disposal of industrial wastes. The steel industry is one of the biggest production industries, with a considerable amount of daily wastes. Production of glass-ceramic from the steel industry waters is one of the proper solutions for this problem. In this study, the application utilization of different wastes (such as blast-furnace slag, converter slag, and dust) as the raw material for glass-ceramic production was evaluated. After mixing the precursors, the mixture was melted at 1450℃. The obtained melt was cooled down at 10°C/min cooling rate in metallic molds, and the glass was derived. Ceramic phases were grown by application of isothermal heat treatment periods up-to 6 h, at 750, 800, 850, and 900℃. The mean length of the ceramic phases was measured after each heat treatment period by scanning electron microscopy. It was shown that crystal growth followed a parabolic kinetic model. The activation energy of crystallization was also determined as 129 kJ/mol in the temperature range of 750-900°C.
https://journal.issiran.com/article_44732_ac723443f03b493f90915be45a47757a.pdf
2019-09-01
21
28
Steelmaking
Wastes
Glass-Ceramics
Crystallization
Kinetics
S.
Ghasemi
samad.ghasemi@hut.ac.ir
1
Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Hamedan University of Technology, Hamedan, 65155-579, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
Shafyei
shafyei@cc.iut.ac.ir
2
Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan,8415683111, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Upadhyaya, G. S. Holland W., Beall G.: Glass-ceramic technology,"The American Ceramic Society", Westerville, OH, USA, 2002, pp. 372. Sci. Sinter. 36, 215–216 (2004).
1
Khater, G. A., Abdel-Motelib, A., El Manawi, A. W. & Abu Safiah, M. O. Glass-ceramics materials from basaltic rocks and some industrial waste. J. Non. Cryst. Solids 358, 1128–1134 (2012).
2
Pavlovic, M. et al. Cavitation wear of basalt-based glass ceramic. Materials (Basel). 12, (2019).
3
Gomes, V., De Borba, C. D. G. & Riella, H. G. Production and characterization of glass ceramics from steelwork slag. J. Mater. Sci. 37, 2581–2585 (2002).
4
Rawlings, R. D., Wu, J. P. & Boccaccini, A. R. Glass-ceramics: Their production from wastes-A Review. Journal of Materials Science 41, 733–761 (2006).
5
Kamusheva, A., Hamzawy, E. M. A. & Karamanov, A. Crystallization and structure of glass-ceramic from electric arc furnace slag Use of Sinai basaltic rocks for the production of glass-ceramic materials View project nothing View project CRYSTALLIZATION AND STRUCTURE OF GLASS-CERAMIC FROM ELECTRIC ARC FURNACE SLAG. Journal of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy 50, (2015).
6
Choi, M. W. & Jung, S. M. Elucidation of the crystallisation mechanism of iron oxide-devoid BOF slag melt. Ironmak. Steelmak. 45, 441–446 (2018).
7
Shin, D. et al. Development of high-strength glass-ceramic materials by utilization of slag discharged from steel-making industry in Korea. Sci. Adv. Mater. 8, 2295–2298 (2016).
8
Francis, A. A. Conversion of blast furnace slag into new glass-ceramic material. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 24, 2819–2824 (2004).
9
Back, G. S., Park, H. S., Seo, S. M. & Jung, W. G. Exploring high-strength glass-ceramic materials for upcycling of industrial wastes. Met. Mater. Int. 21, 1061–1067 (2015).
10
Vu, D. H., Wang, K. S., Chen, J. H., Nam, B. X. & Bac, B. H. Glass-ceramic from mixtures of bottom ash and fly ash. Waste Manag. 32, 2306–2314 (2012).
11
Sutcu, M. et al. Recycling of bottom ash and fly ash wastes in eco-friendly clay brick production. J. Clean. Prod. 233, 753–764 (2019).
12
Leroy, C., Ferro, M. C., Monteiro, R. C. C. & Fernandes, M. H. V. Production of glass-ceramics from coal ashes. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 21, 195–202 (2001).
13
Erol, M., Küçükbayrak, S., Ersoy-Meriçboyu, A. & Öveçollu, M. L. Crystallization behaviour of glasses produced from fly ash. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 21, 2835–2841 (2001).
14
Cheng, T. W. & Chen, Y. S. Characterisation of glass ceramics made from incinerator fly ash. Ceram. Int. 30, 343–349 (2004).
15
Pelino, M. Recycling of zinc-hydrometallurgy wastes in glass and glass ceramic materials. Waste Manag. 20, 561–568 (2000).
16
Pelino, M., Karamanov, A., Pisciella, P., Crisucci, S. & Zonetti, D. Vitrification of electric arc furnace dusts. Waste Manag. 22, 945–949 (2002).
17
Nazari, A., Shafyei, A. & Saidi, A. Recycling of electric arc furnace dust into glass-ceramic. Mater. Chem. Phys. 205, 436–441 (2018).
18
Ghasemi, S. & Shafyei, A. Production and Crystallization Behavior of an Iron Rich Glass–Ceramic Prepared by Ironmaking and Steelmaking Wastes. Int. J. Iron Steel Soc. Iran 14, 17–22 (2017).
19
Lu, Z., Lu, J., Li, X. & Shao, G. Effect of MgO addition on sinterability, crystallization kinetics, and flexural strength of glass–ceramics from waste materials. Ceram. Int. 42, 3452–3459 (2016).
20
Shi, J., He, F., Xie, J., Liu, X. & Yang, H. Kinetic analysis of crystallization in Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2-B2O3-BaO glass-ceramics. J. Non. Cryst. Solids 491, 106–113 (2018).
21
Başaran, C., Canikoğlu, N., Özkan Toplan, H. & Toplan, N. The crystallization kinetics of the MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–TiO2 glass ceramics system produced from industrial waste. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 125, 695–701 (2016).
22
Bai, Z., Qiu, G., Yue, C., Guo, M. & Zhang, M. Crystallization kinetics of glass–ceramics prepared from high-carbon ferrochromium slag. Ceram. Int. 42, 19329–19335 (2016).
23
McCloy, J. et al. Final report: Understanding influence of thermal history and glass chemistry on kinetics of phase separation and crystallization in borosilicate glass-ceramic waste forms for aqueous reprocessed high level waste. (2018). doi:10.2172/1485494
24
Švadlák, D., Pustková, P., Koštál, P. & Málek, J. Crystal growth kinetics in (GeS2)0.2(Sb2S3)0.8 glass. Thermochim. Acta 446, 121–127 (2006).
25
Málek, J., Švadlák, D., Mitsuhashi, T. & Haneda, H. Kinetics of crystal growth of Sb2S3 in (GeS2)0.3(Sb2S3)0.7 glass. J. Non. Cryst. Solids 352, 2243–2253 (2006).
26
Porter, D. A. & Easterling, K. E. Phase transformation of metals and alloys. (Chapman and Hall, 1982).
27
Duan, R. G., Liang, K. M. & Gu, S. R. A study on the mechanism of crystal growth in the process of crystallization of glasses. Mater. Res. Bull. 33, 1143–1149 (1998).
28
Shao, H., Liang, K. & Peng, F. Crystallization kinetics of MgO–Al2O3–SiO2 glass-ceramics. Ceram. Int. 30, 927–930 (2004).
29
Lee, Y. K. & Choi, S. Y. Controlled nucleation and crystallization in Fe2O3-CaO-SiO2 glass. J. Mater. Sci. 32, 431–436 (1997).
30
Karamanov, A., Cantalini, C., Pelino, M. & Hreglich, A. Kinetics of phase formation in jarosite glass-ceramic. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 19, 527–533 (1999).
31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Influence of Homogenization and Solution Annealing Process on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 1.4470 Ferritic-austenitic Stainless Steel
In the present research, the effect of the homogenization process and annealing temperature were investigated for the 1.4470 ferritic-austenitic stainless steel in the as-cast condition. In this regard, microstructural evolutions, hardness, and impact energy of the steel was evaluated with different heat treatment conditions. The results show that the minimum volume fraction of austenite phase (about 42%) was formed in as-cast condition; while the maximum content of austenite phase can be achieved by annealing at 1010 °C for 45 min. without the homogenizing process (about 56%). Moreover, a good combination of impact energy and hardness was obtained by homogenizing at 1120°C/45 min. and subsequent annealing at 1010°C/15 min. followed by oil quenching. In this condition, the same volume fraction of the ferrite and austenite phase has been formed in the microstructure. and subsequent annealing at 1010°C/15 min. followed by oil quenching. In this condition, the same volume fraction of the ferrite and austenite phase has been formed in the microstructure.
https://journal.issiran.com/article_44733_5c9a99e804968373962d4bfbe65b3465.pdf
2019-09-01
29
33
Ferritic-austenitic stainless steel
Heat treatment
Microstructure
Mechanical properties
Z.
Mahmoodzadeh
mahmoodzadezahra@yahoo.com
1
Department of Materials and Metallurgical engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, 35131-19111, Iran,
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Tajally
m_tajally@semnan.ac.ir
2
Faculty of materials and metallurgical engineering Semnan University, Semnan 35131-19111, Iran
AUTHOR
H.
Abdollah-Pour
habd@semnan.ac.ir
3
Faculty of materials and metallurgical engineering Semnan University, Semnan 35131-19111, Iran
AUTHOR
H.
Rastegary
rastegary@birjandut.ac.ir
4
Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Birjand University of Technology
AUTHOR
]1[.T. Karahan, et al., Strengthening of AISI 2205 duplex stainless steel by strain ageing. Materials & Design: 2014. 55, p. 250-256.
1
]2.[ H. Tan, et al., Effect of annealing temperature on the pitting corrosion resistance of super duplex stainless steel UNS S32750. Materials Characterization: 2009. 60(9), p. 1049-1054.
2
]3[.G.E. Totten, Steel heat treatment: metallurgy and technologies: 2006,crc Press.
3
]4[.K. Vijayalakshmi, V. Muthupandi, and R. Jayachitra, Influence of heat treatment on the microstructure, ultrasonic attenuation and hardness of SAF 2205 duplex stainless steel. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2011. 529, p. 447-451.
4
]5[.A. Ramirez, J. Lippold, and S. Brandi, The relationship between chromium nitride and secondary austenite precipitation in duplex stainless steels. Metallurgical and materials transactions A: 2003. 34(8), p. 1575-1597.
5
]6[.I.M. Association, and T. Stainless, Practical guidelines for the fabrication of duplex stainless steels. 2009: International Molybdenum Association.
6
]7[.G. Fargas, M. Anglada, and A. Mateo, Effect of the annealing temperature on the mechanical properties, formability and corrosion resistance of hot-rolled duplex stainless steel. Journal of materials processing technology: 2009. 209(4), p. 1770-1782.
7
]8[.T.A. Debold, Duplex stainless steel—microstructure and properties. JOM: 1989. 41(3), p. 12-15.
8
]9[.L. Zhang, et al., Influence of annealing treatment on the corrosion resistance of lean duplex stainless steel 2101. Electrochimica Acta, 2009: 54(23), p. 5387-5392.
9
]10[.Y.H. Park, and Z.H. Lee, The effect of nitrogen and heat treatment on the microstructure and tensile properties of 25Cr–7Ni–1.5 Mo–3W–xN duplex stainless steel castings. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2001. 297(1), p. 78-84.
10
]11[.S. Ghosh, and S. Mondal, Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of duplex stainless steel. Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals: 2008. 61(1), p. 33-37.
11
]12[.B. Deng et al., Effect of annealing treatment on microstructure evolution and the associated corrosion behavior of a super-duplex stainless steel. Journal of Alloys and Compounds: 2010. 493(1), p. 461-464.
12
]13[.M. Naghizadeh, and M.H. Moayed, Investigation of the effect of solution annealing temperature on critical pitting temperature of 2205 duplex stainless steel by measuring pit solution chemistry. Corrosion Science: 2015. 94, p. 179-189.
13
]14[.M. Erbing Falkland, Duplex stainless steels. Uhlig's Corrosion Handbook: 2000.
14
]15[.J. L.de Lacerda, Cândido, and L. Godefroid, Effect of Volume Fraction of Phases and Precipitates on the Mechanical Behavior of Uns S31803 Duplex Stainless Steel. International Journal of Fatigue: 2015.
15
]16[.American Society for Testing and Materials. ASTM A800/A800M – 91(Reapproved 1997), Standard practice for Steel Casting, Austenitic Alloy, Estimating Ferrite Content Thereof, Annual book of ASTM standard. Vol. 01.02. Ferrous castings; Ferroalloys (2000), p 455.
16
]17[.A.V. Jebaraj, and L. Ajaykumar, Influence of Microstructural Changes on Impact Toughness of Weldment and Base Metal of Duplex Stainless Steel AISI 2205 for Low Temperature Applications. Procedia Engineering: 2013. 64, p. 456-466.
17
]18[.S. Topolska, and J. Łabanowski, Effect of microstructure on impact toughness of duplex and superduplex stainless steels. Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering: 2009. 36(2), p. 142-149.
18
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19
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Oxidation Behavior of AISI 430 Ferritic Stainless Steel Coated with Ni-Co-TiO2
Ferritic stainless steels are used in high- temperature applications like solid oxide fuel cells. Application of steels in these conditions will expose them to severe thermal cycles. Therefore, it is essential to protect them at high temperatures. One of the most effective methods for increasing the life of these components against oxidation is the application of composite and ceramic coatings. In the present study, Ni-Co-TiO2 composite coating was deposited on AISI 430 steel substrate by electroplating to investigate the oxidation behavior at operating conditions of solid oxide fuel cells. To observe the morphology, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and to determine the phases, X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used. For investigating the oxidation behavior of steel isothermal and cyclic oxidation tests were performed at 800 °C on the samples. Results showed that in isothermal and cyclic oxidation tests, due to the formation of Ni-Co spinels, coated samples showed less weight gain than uncoated samples. Spinel prevented outward Cr diffusion which improved the oxidation resistance of AISI 430 steel.
https://journal.issiran.com/article_44940_45e3e06a668b11e92f3c6ae616140be5.pdf
2019-09-01
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41
AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel
Ni-Co-TiO2 Composite Coating
electroplating
Z.
Zhaleh
zzhaleh70@gmail.com
1
Department of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
.M.
Zandrahimi
m.zandrahimi@uk.ac.ir
2
Department of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Jomhoori Eslami Blvd., Kerman, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
H.
Ebrahimifar
h.ebrahimifar@kgut.ac.ir
3
Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigating the Effect of Optimum Welding Parameters on the Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of St37 Steel and 316L Stainless Steel Welded by the Friction Stir Welding Process
In this research, St37 and 316L steel sheets were welded using friction stir welding (FSW) process and effective parameters such as the rotational speed, linear speed of the tool, pin diameter, and their appropriate values were studied. The microstructure, hardness, and strength of the different welding regions were investigated. It was observed that in the stir zone (SZ), a mechanical operation takes place which causes grain refinement up to 10-20 times and improves the mechanical properties of the joint. The thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ) is less affected and causes the refinement of the structure. In the heat-affected zone (HAZ), no mechanical operation was performed but in some parts, the grain size was larger and more stretched than the grains of the base metal. SEM microscopic images of the weld metal showed alternating onion rings and layers consisting of poor and rich alloying elements due to the non-equilibrium cooling rate of the melt.
https://journal.issiran.com/article_44734_c1d3410a0c07e6e8e17018dbf3dc5b9b.pdf
2019-09-01
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49
Friction stir welding (FSW)
Steel
316L
St37
Microstructure
R.
Amini Najafabadi
reza.amini@mail.ru
1
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Golpayegan University of Technology, Golpayegan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
F.
Salehi
farzadsalehi2012@yahoo.com
2
Advanced Materials Research Center, Department of Materials Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
AUTHOR
T.
Isfahani
t.isfahani@yahoo.com
3
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Golpayegan University of Technology, Golpayegan, Iran
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