Using the artificial neural network to investigate the effect of parameters in square cup deep drawing of aluminum-steel laminated sheets
Masoud
Mahmoodi
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
author
Hadi
Tagimalek
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
author
Habib
Sohrabi
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
author
Mohamaad Reza
Maraki
Department of Materials and Metallurgy Engineering, Birjand University of Technology, Birjand, Iran
author
text
article
2020
eng
In this study, the effective parameters involved in the deep drawing of double-layer metal sheets in a die ofsquare cross-section were investigated through artificial neural network (ANN) modeling. For this purpose,first, the deep drawing of double-layer (Al1200 / ST14) sheets was carried out experimentally. Also, the finiteelement simulation of the process was performed, and the results validated through experimental tests. A setof 46 different experimental data were employed in this paper. The ANN was trained by using a mean squareerror of 10-4. The input parameters, i.e., punch radius, die radius, blank holder force, clearance, and the permutationlayers were set to the network. The surface response method (RSM); was employed to evaluate theresults of the ANN model, and the input parameters of the deep drawing process on the thinning of Al1200and ST14 composite layers were analyzed. The obtained results indicate that the punch edge radius has themost significant influence on the thinning of the Al1200 layer. Increasing the gap between the punch and dieto 1/4 of the sheet thickness, increased the cup wall layers thickness of the Al1200 and ST14 respectively by3.38% and 0.5%. The performance of the ANN model demonstrates that it can estimate the amount of thinningin the composite layers with satisfactory accuracy.
International Journal of Iron & Steel Society of Iran
Iron & Steel Society of Iran
2981-0388
17
v.
2
no.
2020
1
13
https://journal.issiran.com/article_245788_ed40236ce1c4f4a9d4dce62dc18bcc3c.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/ijissi.2021.528568.1196
A Detailed Failure Analysis of Vertically Suspended Diffuser Pump Caused by Hex Head Bolt Fracture: The Marine Service Condition
Mohamadreza
Etminanfar
Research Center for Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran.
author
Mir Saman
Safavi
Research Center for Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran.
author
Saeedeh
Masumi
Research Center for Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran.
author
Sahel
Khanmohammadi
Research Center for Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran.
author
Jafar
Seied-Hamzeh
Heavy Duty Pumps and Water Turbine Manufacture Company, PETCO, Tabriz, Iran
author
Jafar
Khalil-Allafi
Research Center for Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran.
author
text
article
2020
eng
Vertically suspended diffuser pumps play a significant role in the seawater cooling systems of the petrochemical and refinery industries. The present work deals with providing a detailed analysis of mechanisms involved in the early failure of hex head bolt used in the vertically suspended diffuser pump framework, which has served three years in the marine condition. The morphological and microstructural characteristics of the failed bolt were evaluated by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), spark-optical emission spectroscopy (spark-OES), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. Besides, microhardness test was performed to assess the mechanical properties of the samples. The results demonstrated the presence of Cr, Fe, Mn, and Si elements in the microstructure of failed bolt, which coincides with the composition of stainless steel (X5CrMnN17-8). While there exist sulfur and oxide inclusions in the parts close to the surface, no surface-related defects were detected in the central part. Moreover, the microstructural assay showed that the failed sample was composed of austenite-martensite micro-duplex structure. The microhardness values of regions close to the surface of the failed bolt were higher than that of the central part by ≈20 %, since there is higher martensite content. Fractography images revealed a brittle fracture mechanism in the parts close to the surface, while ductile fracture was observed at the center of the bolt. In general, the main factor governing the failure of the bolt can be attributed to the lack of precise control over the chemical composition of the bolt and the application of inappropriate fabrication process.
International Journal of Iron & Steel Society of Iran
Iron & Steel Society of Iran
2981-0388
17
v.
2
no.
2020
14
24
https://journal.issiran.com/article_245789_bb4897c4b3eb966f57a307d1903e33ef.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/ijissi.2021.527610.1188
Investigation of carbon and silicon partitioning on ferrite hardening in a medium silicon low alloy ferrite-martensite dual-phase steel
Ali
Khajesarvi
Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Yazd University, University Blvd, Safayieh, Yazd, PO Box: 98195 – 741, Iran
author
Seyed Sadegh
Ghasemi Banadkouki
Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Yazd University, University Blvd, Safayieh, Yazd, PO Box: 98195 – 741, Iran
author
text
article
2020
eng
In this paper, the micromechanical behavior of ferrite microphase was evaluated in conjunction with carbon and silicon partitioning occurred during prior austenite to ferrite phase transformation using microhardness measurements supplemented by light observation and field-emission scanning electron microscopy equipped with X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). For this purpose, at first, the samples were austenitized at 900°C for 15 min and then air-cooled (normalized) to room temperature in order to develop more starting homogeneous microstructural features in the proposed heat-treated samples. The wide variety of ferrite-martensite dual-phase (DP) samples containing different volume fractions of ferrite and martensite microphases developed using step-quenching heat treatment processes at 750, 720, 700, and 680°C for 5 min isothermal holding time with the subsequent water quenching after being austenitized at 900°C for 15 min in the same conditions as to the direct water-quenched (WQ) samples. The experimental results showed that, for a particular ferrite grain in a particular ferrite-martensite DP samples, the ferrite location nearer to the ferrite-martensite interfaces was accompanied with a significantly lower carbon and silicon centrations, while the associated ferrite hardening response was abnormally higher in comparison to that of the central regions of ferrite grains. This abnormal higher trend in ferrite hardness with lower carbon and silicon concentrations was attributed to the higher ferrite/martensite interaction of ferrite area adjacent to the martensite generated during martensitic phase transformation.
International Journal of Iron & Steel Society of Iran
Iron & Steel Society of Iran
2981-0388
17
v.
2
no.
2020
25
33
https://journal.issiran.com/article_244750_7f69c0745a8acc6808c704b98ea7bed0.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/ijissi.2021.527641.1189
Investigation of Corrosion Behavior of Drain Pipes of Process Compressors in Direct Reduction Unit.
Sajad
Abdollahi
Research & Development, Sirjan Jahan Steel Complex (SJSCO), Sirjan, Iran
author
Mojtaba
Sadeghi
Research & Development, Sirjan Jahan Steel Complex (SJSCO), Sirjan, Iran.
author
text
article
2020
eng
Corrosion is a natural process in the destruction of industrial components. Corrosion can be intensified and finally led to destruction where there are temperature increase and microbial agents in addition to the main causes of corrosion. Process compressors were employed in order to meet the gas pressure and flow of the process in the direct reduction unit, and carbon steel pipes were used to separate water from the gas. However, these pipes are punctured and leak water and gas in less time in comparison with the other units. In order to examine the destruction reasons, several samples of the destructed pipe were provided, and they were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and EDS. The results showed that, besides regular agents like high temperature and acidic medium, microbial corrosion by sulfate-reducing bacteria and H2S gas effect lead to intensifying local and sub-sediment corrosion so that the component will be destructed in less time. The presence of FeS layer will result in severe local corrosion.
International Journal of Iron & Steel Society of Iran
Iron & Steel Society of Iran
2981-0388
17
v.
2
no.
2020
40
45
https://journal.issiran.com/article_245791_840a5cfcc804d6e8b2be6a75ddb4bab9.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/ijissi.2021.524484.1185
The effects of vanadium on microstructure and wear resistance of high manganese steels
Arash
Bagheriyeh
senior technology engineer
author
Saeed
Kaviani
استادیار دانشگاه ساوه واحد علوم تحقیقات
author
text
article
2020
eng
The high Mn steels (HMS) are currently used in transportation components, large-scale grinders and crusher, and grinding wheels. This study is dedicated to the effects of vanadium content on the properties and wear behavior of Fe-12Mn-1.2C-0.8Si steels containing 0, 0.3, and 0.6 wt.% vanadium as an alloying element. The samples were cast and then subjected to annealing heat treatment and followed by water quenching. The test samples were then cut via an electrical discharge machine. Characterization methods, including phase analysis via XRD and microstructural investigations by scanning electron and optical microscopes, were carried out. The samples were also subjected to hardness and wear tests. The obtained results indicated that the addition of V to the HMS leads to the increased hardness and improved wear properties. Such outcomes were attributed to the role of vanadium in altering the precipitation sites of carbides,from grain boundaries to the grains, and its effect distribution of the carbides.
International Journal of Iron & Steel Society of Iran
Iron & Steel Society of Iran
2981-0388
17
v.
2
no.
2020
46
55
https://journal.issiran.com/article_245792_0c7711d4d90b430b96e98ff188281097.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/ijissi.2021.530512.1198
Investigation of the Effect of the Efficiency of Catalysts on Early Destruction of Direct Reduction Reformer Tubes.
Mojtaba
Sadeghi
: Research & Development, Sirjan Jahan Steel Complex (SJSCO), Sirjan, Iran
author
Sajad
Abdollahi
Sirjan Jahan Steel Complex (SJSCO), Sirjan, Iran.
author
Hadi
Mahmoud Abadi
Sirjan Jahan Steel Complex (SJSCO), Sirjan, Iran.
author
text
article
2020
eng
The catalysts of the direct reduction unit play a critical key role in producing reducing gases and the lifetime of the reformer tubes. In this paper, the effect of reducing the efficiency of catalysts on the early destruction of direct reduction reformer tubes is investigated. Cold compressive strength test, XRF and BET analysis were performed on intact and used catalysts. Also, the microstructure of the destroyed tube was examined by a scanning electron microscope and the amount of sulfur was measured. The results show that in used catalysts compared to intact catalysts, the specific surface area is reduced, and the amount of access to areas containing nickel is reduced. Access to nickel-rich areas will be drastically decreased and reforming reactions will not be performed well. This lessens the efficiency of the catalysts and breaks them down hence several reformer tubes are exposed to higher temperatures and their service life will be considerably reduced. Due to the presence of precipitations, the sulfur amount available in the destructed tube is equal to 0.1%, which is ten times the allowable sulfur content in the reformer tube alloy.
International Journal of Iron & Steel Society of Iran
Iron & Steel Society of Iran
2981-0388
17
v.
2
no.
2020
34
39
https://journal.issiran.com/article_245790_50b934cdea57120106c20b263d4d242e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/ijissi.2021.523378.1181